![]() ![]() Zola was appalled that although it had become common knowledge that Dreyfus was innocent, that nothing was being done to free him. Dreyfus was then condemned to life in prison on Devil’s Island in French Guiana. Severe antisemitism at the time caused the French government to wrongly accuse Dreyfus of giving up the information, even though evidence quickly emerged that Dreyfus was not involved. In 1894, Captain Alfred Dreyfus was wrongly accused of giving top-secret information to German enemy troops. The Dreyfus affair was arguably one of the most scandalous judicial cases of the 19th century in France. J’accuse by Émile Zola in L’Aurore newspaper – WikiCommonsĪlthough Zola’s novels were what he was most famous for, an open letter he penned in 1898 to the President of France sparked controversy and is said to have divided France into two. ![]() #Zula europe wiki fr movie#Their friendship is the subject of the 2016 movie Cézanne and I, which is worth checking out! 5. Cézanne painted a portrait of Zola and writer Paul Alexis, pictured above, entitled Paul Alexis Reading to Zola.Īlthough the two maintained their relationship for many years, unfortunately, they had a falling out due to the fact that Zola based one of his characters on Cézanne in a novel that criticized the bohemian life of painters at the time, and Cézanne found it insulting. The pair grew up in the south of France together, and it was actually Zola who encouraged his friend to join him in Paris in 1858. Zola and Cézanne’s friendship began many years before either of them reached their fame as artists. If you’ve never heard of the French painter Paul Cézanne, I encourage you to do some research, or even better, head to the Orsay Museum! Pablo Picasso and Matisse have both credited Cézanne as a major influence, and he is said to have bridged the gap between Impressionism and Cubism, two considerable art movements of the 19th century. Paul Alexis reading to Zola by Paul Cézanne – WikiCommons One of Zola’s best friends was painter Cézanne While the answers to the questions asked by the Naturalists may sound obvious to our modern ears, the movement was revolutionary for its time. If a character grew up in a rich family, how would this affect their future? What would happen if the character grew up in a poor family? Naturalism is considered to be an extreme form of realism, and its use in literature wished to study the influence of characters’ environments on their personalities, and the path that their lives would then follow. Zola wanted to pose the same questions as Darwin, but as applied to social situations. Darwin states that only the “fastest and fittest” survive in the animal kingdom. Naturalism took a lot of cues from the studies of Charles Darwin, the biologist that first suggested the theory of Natural Selection. Zola started to apply this method in literature, by performing “experiments” on the characters in his works. Comte introduced the use of a scientific method that called for a scientist to perform controlled experiments to prove (or debunk!) hypotheses. The Naturalist movement, in particular, stems from Zola’s interpretation of a theory created by philosopher Auguste Comte. Zola Failed his Baccalaureate ExamĬharles Darwin by Herbert Rose Barraud – Wikicommonsįrance was the birthplace of many literary movements throughout history. #Zula europe wiki fr series#Meley eventually forgave Zola, and he began to take on a more prominent role in his children’s lives.īefore embarking on the 20 volume series (more on that later!) that shaped his literary career, Zola wrote various short stories, essays, plays, and novels. ![]() Zola had two children with Rozerot, and when Meley found out about their years-long affair, the couple nearly divorced. The couple never had any children, and in 1888 Zola began an affair with Jeanne Rozerot, a seamstress that lived with the pair. Meley and Zola were married in 1870 and remained married until Zola’s death. In 1865, Zola meets his future wife Éléonore-Alexandrine Meley. In Paris, Zola develops his writing style while working odd jobs to support himself. After the death of his father when he was just 7 years old, Zola and his mother lived a modest life, before Zola decided to move back to Paris to pursue his dreams of becoming a writer (to the chagrin of his mother, who had plans for her son to become a lawyer). When Zola was 3 years old, the family moved to Aix-en-Provence in the south of France. Émile Zola was born in Paris in 1840 to Franco-Italian parents. Émile Zola by Étienne Carjat – WikiCommons ![]()
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